{"id":247661,"date":"2024-05-29T11:56:42","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T09:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/abap-101-the-basics-of-abap-at-a-glance\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T09:45:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:45:36","slug":"abap-101-the-basics-of-abap-at-a-glance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/en\/abap-101-the-basics-of-abap-at-a-glance\/","title":{"rendered":"ABAP 101 \u2013 The Basics of ABAP at a Glance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sooner or later, everyone working in the SAP environment comes into contact with ABAP. However, like almost everything else in the SAP world, ABAP is a very broad subject area, which can be rather daunting, especially at the beginning. This blog post is designed to give you an overview of the basics of ABAP, whether you\u2019re aiming for a career as a developer or have simply stumbled across the term.<br\/><br\/>Translated with DeepL.com (free version)   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What exactly is ABAP?<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n<p>ABAP, short for <strong>A<\/strong>dvanced <strong>B<\/strong>usiness <strong>A<\/strong>pplication <strong>P<\/strong>rogramming, was introduced by SAP in 1983. The programming language is used for the development, operation and maintenance of business applications within the SAP environment. In a corporate landscape where SAP systems process millions of data records every day, ABAP is indispensable for customising and extending standard SAP functions. With ABAP, companies\u2019 individual requirements can be implemented and bespoke solutions developed.    <\/p>\n\n<p>ABAP is constantly being developed and enhanced with new features and syntax. \u2018Enhanced\u2019 is the correct term here, as SAP adheres to the principle of backward compatibility. One of the most significant developments was the introduction of ABAP Objects, which extended the previously procedural programming model with object-oriented programming. Since then, object-oriented concepts have become standard practice and are used in most cases to implement business logic.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why do you need ABAP?<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n<p>As SAP is off-the-shelf software, many companies encounter challenges that go beyond the standard functionality provided. If the product is based on the ABAP platform, internal or external SAP developers can often use ABAP to develop bespoke solutions. This may involve creating transactions, user interfaces or database tables.   <\/p>\n\n<p>A basic understanding of ABAP is not only beneficial for developers, but can also help other professionals working in the SAP environment to troubleshoot issues. The built-in debugger allows you to step through the code and handle errors effectively. ABAP is therefore not only a tool for customising and extending the SAP standard, but also an indispensable instrument for supporting operations and optimising business processes.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is the structure of an ABAP system?<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n<p>The ABAP Application Server (AS ABAP) is a platform on which key business processes run. It provides a complete development and runtime environment for ABAP-based applications and forms part of a three-tier architecture. The presentation layer handles data input and output as well as user interaction. Communication between the presentation server and the application server is facilitated via the SAP GUI (Graphical User Interface). Data processing takes place centrally on one or more application servers, the application layer. Data is stored on a database server equipped with a relational database management system (RDBMS).      <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-1-1024x398.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-1-980x381.png 980w, https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-1-480x186.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Abb. 1: Structure AS ABAP  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The ABAP development environment <\/h2>\n\n<p>SAP provides developers with access to the ABAP Workbench, the classic development environment, via transaction SE80. The Workbench provides all the tools needed to develop, run and test ABAP programmes. The Object Navigator lists all development objects in a tree-like structure. The most important objects are Dictionary objects, programmes and programme components.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Since 2012, the ABAP Development Tools (ADT) have offered the option of using Eclipse as a development platform. The ADT are continuously being developed and offer numerous practical features, such as auto-completion, syntax highlighting and refactoring. However, there have also been some changes, such as the need to create ABAP Dictionary object types using source code rather than creating them directly in a form-based editor. Both development environments can be used simultaneously in on-premise projects. This allows developers to make the most of both worlds according to their personal preferences and requirements.     <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB2.png 908w, https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB2-480x257.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 908px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 2: SE80 vs. Eclipse  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Database access with ABAP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Database modelling and access are central components of business application development and are fully integrated into the ABAP language. The ABAP Dictionary serves as a data repository for Dictionary objects such as database tables, data types and views. Changes made are automatically made available to all system components via this central repository, thereby ensuring data consistency and integrity.   <\/p>\n\n<p>SAP already provides a comprehensive collection of elements and tables in the standard system. In addition, developers can define their own objects in the Dictionary.  <\/p>\n\n<p>With the introduction of Core Data Services (CDS) in ABAP 7.40, developers gained a powerful way to abstract and define data models. CDS views filter, combine and transform data from different tables without altering the model itself.  <\/p>\n\n<p>When developing ABAP applications, database operations are performed directly in the source code using ABAP SQL statements. Efficient modelling is crucial here for the performance of the programmes, as well as for the correct processing and display of the data. For processing in memory, the data is often stored in internal tables, which function similarly to arrays or lists in other programming languages. These internal tables offer a flexible way to temporarily store and process data before it is forwarded to the user interface or the database.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What happens next after development? <\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n<p>As development takes place centrally on the ABAP platform, it is necessary to separate the production and development systems. Local changes to an existing ABAP application take effect immediately for all users of the system. To avoid disrupting day-to-day operations, development takes place on a development system and is subsequently \u2018transported\u2019, typically first to a test system. Here, the solutions are tested before finally being transported to the production system once approved.    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-3-1024x355.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-3-980x340.png 980w, https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ABAB-3-480x166.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 3: System architecture  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Challenges in ABAP development <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>ABAP development presents a range of challenges that require careful attention. Data security is a top priority in this context. It is crucial to manage permissions carefully to protect sensitive data from unauthorised access. Clear and comprehensive code documentation not only facilitates collaboration with other developers but also plays a key role in error handling and debugging processes. In-house developments must be thoroughly checked during updates and release changes to ensure a smooth migration. Effective error handling is another key to the stability and user satisfaction of applications. By minimising changes to standard functionalities, the maintainability and compatibility of the systems are ensured.       <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Just how relevant is ABAP really?<\/h3>\n\n<p>In summary, ABAP is indispensable for companies that use ABAP-based SAP products. It not only enables the customisation and extension of standard SAP functions, but also the development of bespoke solutions to meet specific requirements.<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.adesso-bc.com\/abap-hier-lambda\/\"> ABAP<\/a> plays a central role in everything from the development to the operation and maintenance of business applications. Aspects such as data security, documentation and effective error handling are of crucial importance.    <\/p>\n\n<p>If this blog post on the basics of ABAP has sparked your interest in becoming an ABAP professional, why not take a look at our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adesso-orange.com\/trainee\/\">trainee programme<\/a>? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sooner or later, everyone working in the SAP environment comes into contact with ABAP. However, like almost everything else in the SAP world, ABAP is a very broad subject area, which can be rather daunting, especially at the beginning. This blog post is designed to give you an overview of the basics of ABAP, whether [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":247660,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[300,350,335,343],"tags":[372,621,514],"class_list":["post-247661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-industries","category-digitisation","category-sap","category-sap-s4hana","tag-abap","tag-digitalization","tag-sap","blogauthor-carolina-stegherr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ABAP 101 \u2013 The Basics of ABAP at a Glance - adesso business consulting Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is ABAP and what does it mean for businesses? 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